加州众议院正在审议一项由Senator Hernandez提出的 宪法修正案，称为 CA SCA5 ，其详细内容可查看这个网页： http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sca_5_bill_20130530_amended_sen_v98.pdf 。 由于其重要性，我截屏附录在博文末尾。下面是该宪法修正案提案的摘要的逐字翻译： 【 加利福尼亚州宪法禁止州政府在公共雇佣、公共教育或者公共合同招标中做出基于种族、性别、肤色、族群或者出生国的歧视或者优待。本宪法修正案将废除这一禁止在公共教育中歧视或者优待的条款 】 （“ This measure would eliminate this prohibition on state discrimination or preference in the operation of public education .”） 也就是说，现有的加州宪法禁止在公共教育中学校录取中种族歧视， 而修改后的宪法将允许在公共教育中进行种族、性别、肤色、出生国别等歧视 。政治评论家称这个 法案将是加州1950年代以来最为种族歧视的法案 。其逆历史潮流而动的恶毒性在于明目张胆的去除加州宪法中禁止歧视的条款，为多数族裔合法歧视少数族裔打开大门。 显然，这个提案针对的对象正是加州高科技赖以生存的亚洲裔种群，特别是华人族群。这些亚裔族群的家庭重视子女教育，遵纪守法，他们辛勤的付出、优良的文化传统使他们在各级教育系统中出类拔萃。而这个宪法修正案将把针对华人的歧视写入加州宪法。华人将因此失去得到平等教育机会的权利。可以预见，如果这个法案不能制止，加州乃至美国很可能掀起一股反华排华的狂潮，华人失去的将不仅是教育机会，接下来受到冲击的完全可能包括华人的其他基本权利。华人在美国被人欺压、迫害的历史很可能重演。 目前上述由民主党提出的歧视性法案已经在加州参议院以27票对9票通过，下一步将由加州众议院投票表决。广大华人可能对美国的立法程序不太了解，往往显得麻木不仁。当年美国的排华法案也是在风平浪静中通过，但通过之后，华人跌入了水深火热之中。 我在《 朝鲜战争：一场确立中国人人权的战争 》写道，【 而美国加州宪法有一部人权法案，有 兴趣的可以查看连接 。就是这部人权法案，却有一章专门只针对CHINESE的EXCEPTION，标题就是CHINESE， 在链接文件的15-16页 。同学们如果懂英语，应该认真读读这部宪法，因为这一章CHINESE，基本用各种形象语言把全体CHINESE定位为不健康的、愚蠢的、犯罪的“COOLIE”，也就不是“人”，因此不享受人权。】 附件是朝鲜战争后才得以废除的加州宪法相关内容第一页：
民主自由的美国更是一个法治国家，很多老中不懂法律，以为美国既然是自由的天堂，什么言论都只管放，等到手铐扣到手上还大骂侵犯人权的大有人在。像有位华人博士研究生电话里说burn down别人的房子，被抓进监狱才以泪洗面知道可能犯法了。一般情况下你说这种话可能没事，但只要听者一口咬定他觉得受到实际威胁，你麻烦可能就来了。 殊不知，美国有很多条款非常广泛甚至模糊的刑事法规，而且惩罚往往相当严厉。以前我讲过工业间谍法。很多华人工程师不明就里，把公司的资料拿回家，后来严重得罪了公司，这个资料拿回家就成了罪行。我在美国联邦法院亲自看见硅谷某某工程师的案子，最后有人是关进了联邦监狱的。这种案子媒体一般不会使劲报道，被告人自己也不会声张，所以不懂法而被抓的人重出不穷。 但美国最容易判重刑的不是工业间谍罪，而应该是儿童色情。相关的联邦刑法条款可见： http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2252A 。什么是儿童色情，该法律是这么讲的：【any material or purported material in a manner that reflects the belief, or that is intended to cause another to believe, that the material or purported material is, or contains— (i) an obscene visual depiction of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; or (ii) a visual depiction of an actual minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct; 】 简言之，就是未成年人进行性活动的图像，注意， 这条法律并不是说一定必须是真的儿童色情，而是只要让人认为是儿童色情即可。有的案例中，图片中的人可能实际年龄已经超过18岁，但看起来18岁以下，下载了这些图片的人就坐牢了。另外，儿童色情明确包括计算机生成的图像---这一条针对计算机合成图像的条款是美国国会特意补充的。参见 18 U.S. Code § 2256 。 又参见： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_pornography 网页中的儿童色情分类及量刑标准，被判定为儿童色情甚至都不需要是裸体图片。这是英国标准，而美国似乎没有详细的标准。 怎样算违法？ 传播、发布、展示给其他人是违法。但这条法律更具杀伤力的是这一条" knowingly possesses, or knowingly accesses with intent to view"。简言之， 你拥有、查看儿童色情内容就是犯法 。这对很多人来说可能不大好理解，但谁如果觉得不理解而去以身试法就愚蠢了。 犯法的处罚多重？ 大家可以自己看条款，一般至少5年有期徒刑。但是注意，美国讲数罪并罚，拥有一张儿童色情图片可以算一件罪行，拥有100张不同的图片，可能算100次犯罪。在网上一搜查到 这位前乔治亚工学院的副教授 学校办公室的计算机被发现有多张儿童色情图片，被判 76项犯罪，应该就是如此。 如果大家怀疑自由美国的这项法律，可以google "child porn case”，可以搜出一大堆因为拥有儿童色情而坐牢的美军军官、美国大学教授、国会工作人员、公司高管、亿万富翁等等等。 照片这人名叫Ryan Loskarn，是美国元老院元老Lamar Alexander的办公室主任。去年年底因为下载儿童色情被捕面临重刑。面对暗淡的前程，两星期前此人在父母家中上吊自杀。 看到这篇文章的华人应该立刻查一下自己的电脑。
作者：D.O.公共关系主席成员，美国环境医学学会董事会 Dr. Amy L. Dean 堪萨斯州威奇托——美国环境医学研究院今天发布了就转基因食物的意见书声明“转基因食物造成严重的健康风险”并且需要转基因食物的临时禁令。举证了许多动物研究，AAEM认为“转基因食物和不利的健康影响之间不仅仅是偶然的联系”并且“转基因食品造成了毒理、过敏和免疫活动、后代健康、新陈代谢、生理和遗传的健康等方面的健康风险”AAEM呼吁：转基因食物的临时禁令，转基因食品直接长期的安全测试和标识的执行。 医生教育他们的病人、医学协会以及公众来避免转基因食物。 医师会考虑转基因食物在他们病人疾病过程中的作用。 更多的独立的长期科学研究开始收集数据来证实转基因食物对人类健康的作用。 “许多动物实验已经证明转基因食物导致机体不同器官的破坏。利用这些证据，为了我们病人和公众的健康转基因食物的临时禁令是必要的” Amy Dean医生，公共关系主席成员，美国环境医学科学院董事会成员认为。“医生或许正在观察到对他们病人的作用，但是不要知道怎样提出正确的问题” Jennifer Armstrong医生，美国环境医学研究院院长说到，“北美所消费的最普通的食物是转基因的玉米、大豆、油菜和棉花油。”AAEM的转基因食物意见书可以在http:aaemonline.org/gmopost.html下载.AAEM是一个致力于证实对环境健康临床作用的专业人员和医生组成的国际的协会。更多的信息请参阅www.aaemonline.org。 美国环境医学研究院AAEM成立于1965年，并且是是对人类和其环境的临床表现感兴趣的专业人员和医生组成的国际的协会，研究院对于人类个体和他们环境相互作用的知识的扩展感兴趣。AAEM为由暴漏于空气、食物和水中的生物和化学元素诱导的疾病识别、治理和预防提供的研究和教育。 原文如下： http://www.aaemonline.org/gmopost.html Genetically Modified Foods According to the World Health Organization, Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) are "organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in such a way that does not occur naturally." 1 This technology is also referred to as "genetic engineering", "biotechnology" or "recombinant DNA technology" and consists of randomly inserting genetic fragments of DNA from one organism to another, usually from a different species. For example, an artificial combination of genes that includes a gene to produce the pesticide Cry1Ab protein (commonly known as Bt toxin), originally found in Bacillus thuringiensis, is inserted in to the DNA of corn randomly. Both the location of the transferred gene sequence in the corn DNA and the consequences of the insertion differ with each insertion. The plant cells that have taken up the inserted gene are then grown in a lab using tissue culture and/or nutrient medium that allows them to develop into plants that are used to grow GM food crops. 2 Natural breeding processes have been safely utilized for the past several thousand years. In contrast, "GE crop technology abrogates natural reproductive processes, selection occurs at the single cell level, the procedure is highly mutagenic and routinely breeches genera barriers, and the technique has only been used commercially for 10 years." 3 Despite these differences, safety assessment of GM foods has been based on the idea of "substantial equivalence" such that "if a new food is found to be substantially equivalent in composition and nutritional characteristics to an existing food, it can be regarded as safe as the conventional food." 4 However, several animal studies indicate serious health risks associated with GM food consumption including infertility, immune dysregulation, accelerated aging, dysregulation of genes associated with cholesterol synthesis, insulin regulation, cell signaling, and protein formation, and changes in the liver, kidney, spleen and gastrointestinal system. There is more than a casual association between GM foods and adverse health effects. There is causation as defined by Hill's Criteria in the areas of strength of association, consistency, specificity, biological gradient, and biological plausibility. 5 The strength of association and consistency between GM foods and disease is confirmed in several animal studies. 2,6,7,8,9,10,11 Specificity of the association of GM foods and specific disease processes is also supported. Multiple animal studies show significant immune dysregulation, including upregulation of cytokines associated with asthma, allergy, and inflammation. 6,11 Animal studies also show altered structure and function of the liver, including altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as cellular changes that could lead to accelerated aging and possibly lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 7,8,10 Changes in the kidney, pancreas and spleen have also been documented. 6,8,10 A recent 2008 study links GM corn with infertility, showing a significant decrease in offspring over time and significantly lower litter weight in mice fed GM corn. 8 This study also found that over 400 genes were found to be expressed differently in the mice fed GM corn. These are genes known to control protein synthesis and modification, cell signaling, cholesterol synthesis, and insulin regulation. Studies also show intestinal damage in animals fed GM foods, including proliferative cell growth9 and disruption of the intestinal immune system. 6 Regarding biological gradient, one study, done by Kroghsbo, et al., has shown that rats fed transgenic Bt rice trended to a dose related response for Bt specific IgA. 11 Also, because of the mounting data, it is biologically plausible for Genetically Modified Foods to cause adverse health effects in humans. In spite of this risk, the biotechnology industry claims that GM foods can feed the world through production of higher crop yields. However, a recent report by the Union of Concerned Scientists reviewed 12 academic studies and indicates otherwise: "The several thousand field trials over the last 20 years for genes aimed at increasing operational or intrinsic yield (of crops) indicate a significant undertaking. Yet none of these field trials have resulted in increased yield in commercialized major food/feed crops, with the exception of Bt corn." 12 However, it was further stated that this increase is largely due to traditional breeding improvements. Therefore, because GM foods pose a serious health risk in the areas of toxicology, allergy and immune function, reproductive health, and metabolic, physiologic and genetic health and are without benefit, the AAEM believes that it is imperative to adopt the precautionary principle, which is one of the main regulatory tools of the European Union environmental and health policy and serves as a foundation for several international agreements. 13 The most commonly used definition is from the 1992 Rio Declaration that states: "In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation." 13 Another often used definition originated from an environmental meeting in the United States in 1998 stating: "When an activity raises threats to the environment or human health, precautionary measures should be taken, even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically. In this context, the proponent of an activity, rather than the public, should bear the burden of proof (of the safety of the activity)." 13 With the precautionary principle in mind, because GM foods have not been properly tested for human consumption, and because there is ample evidence of probable harm, the AAEM asks: Physicians to educate their patients, the medical community, and the public to avoid GM foods when possible and provide educational materials concerning GM foods and health risks. Physicians to consider the possible role of GM foods in the disease processes of the patients they treat and to document any changes in patient health when changing from GM food to non-GM food. Our members, the medical community, and the independent scientific community to gather case studies potentially related to GM food consumption and health effects, begin epidemiological research to investigate the role of GM foods on human health, and conduct safe methods of determining the effect of GM foods on human health. For a moratorium on GM food, implementation of immediate long term independent safety testing, and labeling of GM foods, which is necessary for the health and safety of consumers. (This statement was reviewed and approved by the Executive Committee of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine on May 8, 2009.) Submitted by Amy Dean, D.O. and Jennifer Armstrong, M.D. Bibliography: Genetically Modified Foods Position Paper AAEM World Health Organization. (Internet).(2002). Foods derived from modern technology: 20 questions on genetically modified foods. Available from: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/biotech/20questions/en/index.php Smith, JM. Genetic Roulette. Fairfield: Yes Books.2007. p.10 Freese W, Schubert D. Safety testing and regulation of genetically engineered foods. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews. Nov 2004. 21. Society of Toxicology. The safety of genetically modified foods produced through biotechnology. Toxicol. Sci. 2003; 71:2-8. Hill, AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proceeding of the Royal Society of Medicine 1965; 58:295-300. Finamore A, Roselli M, Britti S, et al. Intestinal and peripheral immune response to MON 810 maize ingestion in weaning and old mice. J Agric. Food Chem. 2008; 56(23):11533-11539. Malatesta M, Boraldi F, Annovi G, et al. A long-term study on female mice fed on a genetically modified soybean:effects on liver ageing. Histochem Cell Biol. 2008; 130:967-977. Velimirov A, Binter C, Zentek J. Biological effects of transgenic maize NK603xMON810 fed in long term reproduction studies in mice. Report-Federal Ministry of Health, Family and Youth. 2008. Ewen S, Pustzai A. Effects of diets containing genetically modified potatoes expressing Galanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine.Lancet. 354:1353-1354. Kilic A, Aday M. A three generational study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: biochemical and histopathological investigation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008; 46(3):1164-1170. Kroghsbo S, Madsen C, Poulsen M, et al. Immunotoxicological studies of genetically modified rice expression PHA-E lectin or Bt toxin in Wistar rats. Toxicology. 2008; 245:24-34. Gurain-Sherman,D. 2009. Failure to yield: evaluating the performance of genetically engineered crops. Cambridge (MA): Union of Concerned Scientists. Lofstedt R. The precautionary principle: risk, regulation and politics. Merton College, Oxford. 2002
标签: 美国
