遭到威胁：为什么对种族主义有关的警惕现在比以往任何时候都更重要。在2019新冠病毒流行期间，出于种族动机的敌视，骚扰，暴力和仇恨犯罪激增，对亚裔女性的心理健康造成了严重影响。在2019新冠病毒流行期间，出于种族动机的敌视，骚扰，暴力和仇恨犯罪激增，对亚裔女性的心理健康造成了严重影响。一些人感到如此的威胁，以至于她们几乎因为恐惧和痛苦而把自己囚禁起来。

Racially motivated hostility， harassment， violence, and hate crimes have surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they are taking a heavy toll on the mental health of Asian American women. 在2019新冠病毒流行期间，出于种族动机的敌视，骚扰，暴力和仇恨犯罪激增，对亚裔女性的心理健康造成了严重影响。  

Some feel so threatened that they have nearly imprisoned themselves out of fear and distress. 一些人感到如此的威胁，以至于她们几乎因为恐惧和痛苦而把自己囚禁起来。

这是一种被称为与种族主义有关的警惕性的应对方式，在这种情况下，人们会改变自己的外表或说话方式，避免特定的社交场合，或者做好准备在公共场所经受侮辱或威胁。虽然这种高度警惕的状态可能会保护一个人免受直接的威胁，但研究表明，警惕的应对方式会对我们的身心造成损害。 它甚至可能加剧精神健康方面的种族差异。

 警惕是什么？

This is a form of coping known as racism-related vigilance, in which people alter how they look or speak, avoid certain social situations, or brace themselves to experience slurs or threats in public places. 这是一种被称为与种族主义有关的警惕性的应对方式，在这种情况下，人们会改变自己的外表或说话方式，避免特定的社交场合，或者做好准备在公共场所经受侮辱或威胁。While this heightened state of vigilance might protect a person from an immediate threat, research shows that vigilant coping takes a toll on our minds and bodies.虽然这种高度警惕的状态可能会保护一个人免受直接的威胁，但研究表明，警惕的应对方式会对我们的身心造成损害。 It may even fuel racial disparities in mental health.  它甚至可能加剧精神健康方面的种族差异。

What is vigilance?  何为警惕？

警惕是一种适应性特征，它的发展是为了让我们远离危险。当我们感觉受到威胁时，神经细胞会释放化学物质，增强我们专注于威胁并迅速做出反应的能力。

但是，警惕是精神上的要求，当它是持续的，它实际上破坏了大脑的工作方式，并干扰我们的能力，以应付日常生活经验。经常遭受歧视----包括种族主义以及性别歧视和基于性取向的歧视----的人可能会变得谨慎，预计到未来的歧视行为。与种族主义有关的警惕性的概念最初是用来描述许多美国黑人所形成的持续意识状态。但它会影响任何地方的被歧视的种族。

2019冠状病毒病与种族主义相关的警惕之间有什么联系？

But vigilance is mentally demanding, and when it is constant, it actually undermines how the brain works and interferes with our ability to cope with everyday life experiences. People who regularly experience discrimination — including racism as well as sexism and discrimination based on sexual orientation — may become guarded, anticipating future acts of discrimination.   但是，警惕是精神上的要求，当它是持续的，它实际上破坏了大脑的工作方式，并干扰我们的能力，以应付日常生活经验。经常遭受歧视----包括种族主义以及性别歧视和基于性取向的歧视----的人可能会变得谨慎，预计到未来的歧视行为。

The concept of racism-related vigilance was initially used to describe the state of constant awareness that many Black Americans have developed. But it affects racialized people anywhere.  与种族主义有关的警惕性的概念最初是用来描述许多美国黑人所形成的持续意识状态。但它会影响任何地方的被歧视的种族。

What's the connection between COVID-19 and racism-related vigilance?   2019冠状病毒病与种族主义相关的警惕之间有什么联系？

A report on suffering and vigilance among Chinese Americans in New York City and California found that over half experienced some form of discrimination in 2021. Most were called racial slurs, received verbal threats, or were excluded from activities or events. Approximately eight out of 10 also reported high levels of race-related vigilance over the past year.   一份关于纽约市和加利福尼亚州华裔美国人的痛苦和警惕的报告发现，2021年，超过一半的人经历过某种形式的歧视。大多数被称为种族诽谤，收到口头威胁，或被排除在活动或事件。在过去的一年中，约有80%的人报告说，他们对种族问题保持高度警惕。

David Williams is a public health professor at the T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard University and a pioneer of research on discrimination and mental health. His research has shown that racism has a weathering effect that wears down the mind and body. That effect is due to the ongoing adversity of everyday discrimination and the heightened vigilance that comes with it.  大卫·威廉姆斯是哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院的公共卫生教授，也是歧视与心理健康研究的先驱。他的研究表明，种族主义有一种风化作用，会使人身心疲惫。这种影响是由于日常歧视的持续存在和随之而来的高度警惕造成的。

Williams has developed various tools to help psychologists measure discrimination and its health effects, including a tool for measuring heightened vigilance. It includes questions like: how often do you prepare for insults, and how often do you try to avoid certain social situations and places?  威廉姆斯开发了多种工具来帮助心理学家测量歧视及其对健康的影响，其中包括一种测量高度警惕性的工具。它包括这样的问题：你是否经常准备侮辱，你是否经常试图避免某些社交场合和场所？

明，与种族主义有关的警惕性的影响不应被忽视。

Over the years, Williams has used this tool to examine the health effects of racism-related vigilance. For example, in a 2013 study, "Every shut eye, ain't sleep," Williams and a team of researchers showed that vigilance contributed to sleep problems among Black adults and accounted for disparities in sleep quality between White and Black adults. Given that sleep profoundly impacts our mood and other aspects of mental health, the research suggests that the impact of racism-related vigilance should not be ignored.  多年来，威廉姆斯一直使用这一工具来研究与种族主义相关的警惕对健康的影响。例如，在2013年的一项研究中，“每一次闭眼，都不是在睡觉”，威廉姆斯和一个研究团队表明，警惕导致了黑人成年人的睡眠问题，并导致了白人和黑人成年人之间睡眠质量的差异。鉴于睡眠对我们的情绪和心理健康的其他方面有着深远的影响，研究表明，与种族主义有关的警惕性的影响不应被忽视。

A study published in 2021 and led by David Chae, a public health professor at Tulane University, looked at whether racism-related vigilance explained the skyrocketing rates of depression and anxiety among Asian and Black adults in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.   杜兰大学（Tulane University）公共卫生教授戴维·蔡（David Chae）领导的一项研究于2021年发表，研究了与种族有关的警惕是否能解释新冠肺炎疫情期间美国亚裔和黑人成年人抑郁和焦虑症发病率飙升的原因。

During the COVID-19 pandemic, 40% of Asian and 67% of Black participants reported experiencing at least one form of vigilance at least once a week.在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，40%的亚裔和67%的黑人参与者报告每周至少经历一次至少一种形式的警觉。

Their analysis also showed that vigilance was associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety among the participants, suggesting that the cost of mentally preparing to receive insults, threats, and unfair treatment is real.  

他们的分析还表明，警惕性与参与者的抑郁和焦虑症状有关，这表明在心理上准备接受侮辱、威胁和不公平待遇的成本是真实的。

The researchers call for additional research on the relationship between racism-related vigilance and common mental health conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, in other groups who face persistent discrimination. 研究人员呼吁，在其他面临持续歧视的群体中，对与种族主义有关的警惕和常见的心理健康状况（包括创伤后应激障碍）之间的关系进行更多的研究。