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Frederick Douglass, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” July 5, 1852 (e .

热度 1已有 403 次阅读2023-7-3 22:49 |个人分类:华人历史|系统分类:转帖-知识

The fact is, ladies and gentlemen, the distance between this platform and the slave plantation, from which I escaped, is considerable—and the difficulties to be overcome in getting from the latter to the former, are by no means slight. That I am here to---day is, to me, a matter of astonishment as well as of gratitude. You will not, therefore, be surprised, if in what I have to say, I evince no elaborate preparation, nor grace my speech with any high sounding exordium. With little experience and with less learning, I have been able to throw my thoughts hastily and imperfectly together; and trusting to your patient and generous indulgence, I will proceed to lay them before you. This, for the purpose of this celebration, is the 4th of July. It is the birthday of your National Independence, and of your political freedom . . . There is consolation in the thought, that America is young. —Great streams are not easily turned from channels, worn deep in the course of ages. They may sometimes rise in quiet and stately majesty, and inundate the land, refreshing and fertilizing the earth with their mysterious properties. They may also rise in wrath and fury, and bear away, on their angry waves, the accumulated wealth of years of toil and hardship. They, however, gradually flow back to the same old channel, and flow on as serenely as ever. But, while the river may not be turned aside, it may dry up, and leave nothing behind but the withered branch, and the unsightly rock, to howl in the abyss---sweeping wind, the sad tale of departed glory. As with rivers so with nations. . . . 

The simple story of it is, that, 76 years ago, the people of this country were British subjects . . . You were under the British Crown . . . But, your fathers . . . They went so far in their excitement as to pronounce the measures of government unjust, unreasonable, and oppressive, and altogether such as ought not to be quietly submitted to . . . To say now that America was right, and England wrong, is exceedingly easy . . . but there was a time when to pronounce against England, and in favor of the cause of the colonies, tried men’s souls . . . On the 2d of July, 1776, the old Continental Congress, to the dismay of the lovers of ease, and the worshippers of property . . . in the form of a resolution . . . it may refresh your minds and help my story if I read it. “Resolved, That these united colonies are, and of right, ought to be free and Independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown; and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, dissolved.” Citizens, your fathers made good that resolution. They succeeded; and to---day you reap the fruits of their success. The freedom gained is yours; and you, therefore, may properly celebrate this anniversary. The 4th of July is the first great fact in your nation’s history—the very ring---bolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destiny . . . 

What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy—a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour. Go where you may, search where you will, roam through all the monarchies and despotisms of the old world, travel through South America, search out every abuse, and when you have found the last, lay your facts by the side of the every day practices of this nation, and you will say with me, that, for revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival . . . 

Behold the practical operation of this internal slave---trade, the American slave---trade, sustained by American politics and American religion . . . Fellow---citizens, this murderous traffic is, to---day, in active operation in this boasted republic . . . I see the bleeding footsteps . . . on the way to the slave---markets, where the victims are to be sold like horses, sheep, and swine . . . My soul sickens at the sight . . . But a still more inhuman, disgraceful, and scandalous state of things remains to be presented. By an act of the American Congress . . . slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form . . . The Fugitive Slave Law makes MERCY TO THEM, A CRIME; and bribes the judge who tries them. An American JUDGE GETS TEN DOLLARS FOR EVERY VICTIM HE CONSIGNS to slavery, and five, when he fails to do so . . . Let this damning fact be perpetually told . . . that, in tyrant---killing, king---hating, people---loving, democratic, Christian America, the seats of justice are filled with judges, who hold their offices under an open and palpable bribe . . . I take this law to be one of the grossest infringements of Christian Liberty, and, if the churches and ministers of our country were not stupidly blind, or most wickedly indifferent, they, too, would so regard it . . . they are utterly silent in respect to a law which robs religion of its chief significance, and makes it utterly worthless to a world lying in wickedness. . . Allow me to say, in conclusion . . . I do not despair of this country. There are forces in operation, which must inevitably, work the downfall of slavery. “The arm of the Lord is not shortened,” and the doom of slavery is certain. I, therefore, leave off where I began, with hope.

 Source: Oration, Delivered in Corinthian Hall, Rochester, by Frederick Douglass, July 5th, 1852 (Rochester: Lee, Mann & Co., 1852) from the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History (GLC06829)


事实是,女士们先生们,这个平台和奴隶种植园之间的距离,
我逃离奴隶种植园,走上这个讲台,那是一条漫漫长路。
我所逃脱的困难是相当大的——从后者到最终的目标需要克服的困难
前者,绝不是轻微的。 今天我来到这里,对我来说既令人惊讶又令人惊讶
感激。 因此,如果在我不得不说的内容中,我没有表现出详细的说明,你不会感到惊讶。
准备工作,也不用任何冠冕堂皇的序言来修饰我的演讲。 经验不足且投入较少
在学习中,我能够仓促地、不完美地整合我的思想; 并相信你的
耐心和慷慨的宽容,我将继续把它们摆在你面前。 为了这个目的
庆祝活动,是7月4日。 这是你们民族独立和政治的生日
自由。 。 。 美国还年轻,这一想法令人感到安慰。 ——伟大的河流来之不易
从渠道转变而来,在岁月的流逝中深深磨损。 他们有时可能安静而庄严地起身
威严,并淹没大地,以其神秘的特性使大地焕然一新并肥沃。
他们也可能会勃然大怒,并在愤怒的浪潮中带走人们积累的财富。
多年的辛劳和艰辛。 然而,它们逐渐流回原来的渠道,并继续流动
一如既往的平静。 但是,虽然河流可能无法转向,但它可能会干涸,什么也不会留下
但枯枝,难看的岩石,在深渊中嚎叫——席卷的风,悲伤的故事
逝去的荣耀。 河流如此,国家亦然。

。 。 。 故事很简单,76年前,这个国家的人民是英国臣民。 。 。 你
隶属于英国王室。 。 。 但是,你们的父亲们。 。 。 他们兴奋地走了这么远
宣称政府的措施不公正、不合理、具有压迫性,诸如此类
不应该默默地屈服。 。 。 现在说美国是对的,英国是错的,
非常容易。 。 。 但曾经有一段时间,我们公开反对英格兰,并支持这一事业
殖民地,考验着人们的灵魂。 。 。 1776 年 7 月 2 日,旧大陆会议令人沮丧
热爱安逸和崇拜财产的人。 。 。 以决议的形式。 。 。 它可能会刷新
如果我读到了你的想法并帮助我的故事。 “决定,这些联合殖民地是而且理所当然应该
是自由和独立的国家; 他们不再效忠英国王室; 然后
他们与大不列颠国家之间的所有政治联系都已经而且应该被解除。”
公民们,你们的父辈们履行了这一决议。 他们成功了; 今天你就收获了他们的果实
成功。 获得的自由是你的; 因此,您可以适当地庆祝这个周年纪念日。 这
7 月 4 日是你们国家历史上第一个伟大的事实——也是你们国家历史链条上的一个螺栓。
未开发的命运。 。 。

对于美国奴隶来说,你们的 7 月 4 日是什么日子? 我的回答是:这一天比其他任何一天都更能向他揭示
一年中的几天,他一直是严重不公正和残酷行为的受害者。 对他来说,你的
庆祝是一场骗局; 你所吹嘘的自由,是一种邪恶的放纵; 你的民族伟大,虚荣心膨胀;
你的欢喜之声空洞无情; 你对暴君的谴责,黄铜前线
无礼; 你们对自由和平等的呼喊,是空洞的嘲弄; 你的祈祷和赞美诗,你的布道
对他来说,感恩节,以及所有的宗教游行和庄严仪式,都不过是夸夸其谈、欺诈,
欺骗、不敬和虚伪——掩盖会让一个国家蒙羞的罪行的薄纱
野蛮人。 地球上没有哪个国家的罪行比这些国家更令人震惊和血腥。
在这个时刻,这些美国人民。 去你想去的地方,搜索你想去的地方,漫游
旧世界所有的君主政体和专制政体,穿越南美洲,寻找每一个
滥用,当你找到最后一个时,将你的事实放在这个日常实践的旁边
国家,你会和我一起说,由于令人反感的野蛮行为和无耻的虚伪,美国统治了
无敌手。 。 。

看看这种由美国政治和美国宗教维持的内部奴隶贸易、美国奴隶贸易的实际运作吧。 。 。 同胞们,公民们,今天,
这种凶残的交通正在这个自夸的共和国中活跃起来。 。 。 我看到流血的脚步声。 。 。 在前往奴隶市场的路上,
受害者将像马、羊和猪一样被出售。 。 。 我的灵魂一看到就感到恶心。 。 。 但更不人道、更可耻、
更可耻的事态仍有待呈现。 根据美国国会的一项法案。 。 。 奴隶制以其最可怕和最令人反感的形式被国有化。 。 。 
《逃亡奴隶法》将怜悯他们定为犯罪; 并贿赂审判他们的法官。 一位美国法官为每名被判为奴隶的受害者获得十美元,
如果他不这样做,则获得五美元。 。 。 让这个该死的事实永远被人知晓。 。 。 在杀戮暴君、憎恨国王、热爱人民、
民主、基督教的美国,司法席位上坐满了法官,他们在公开、明显的贿赂下担任职务。 。 。 
我认为这项法律是对基督教自由最严重的侵犯之一,如果我们国家的教会和牧师不是愚蠢地盲目,
或者是最邪恶的冷漠,他们也会如此看待它。 。 。 他们对一项剥夺宗教主要意义、并使宗教对于邪恶世界毫无价值的法律保持沉默。 。 。 
请允许我总结一下。 。 。 我并不对这个国家绝望。 有一些力量正在发挥作用,这必然会导致奴隶制的垮台。 “耶和华的膀臂没有缩短”,
奴隶制的厄运是确定无疑的。 因此,我满怀希望地离开了我开始的地方。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kByK5SnG10Y

为了深入了解美国历史,和民主进程,我们第一代移民应该在这一天,举办朗诵会,让华二代用英文朗诵,一代用汉语朗诵这个演讲。同时也朗诵 他160年前第一个公开演讲维护华人移民的权力。

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